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Korean Negation and Question Forms

Korean negation patterns and the main ways to form questions, with example sentences for each. Front: the Korean word or phrase (romanization in parentheses). Back: English meaning.

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안 (an) + verb

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Simple present negation: 'not doing'; placed before the verb stem

-지 않다 (-ji anhda)

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Formal/written negation: 'does not do'; attached to verb stem, conjugated like regular verb

못 (mos) + verb

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Negation expressing inability: 'cannot do, am unable to'

-지 못하다 (-ji moshada)

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Formal inability negation: 'cannot do, am unable to'; more emphatic than 못

-지 마 (-ji ma)

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Negative imperative: 'don't do'; commands someone not to do something

-지 마세요 (-ji maseyo)

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Polite negative imperative: 'please don't do'; polite way to ask someone not to do something

없다 (eopda)

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Negation of existence or possession: 'does not exist, does not have'

아니다 (anida)

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Negation of identity or fact: 'is not, that is not correct'

~니 (~ni)

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Informal question particle: adds question meaning to a statement; common in casual speech

~냐 (~nya)

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Blunt/direct question particle: 'are you...?'; masculine and less polite

~습니까? (~seumnikka?)

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Polite question ending: formal way to ask a yes/no question in Standard Korean

~어요? (~eoyo?)

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Polite casual question: turns a statement into a question with moderate politeness

뭐 (mwo) / 무엇 (mueos)

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Question word meaning 'what'; 뭐 is spoken form, 무엇 is formal/written

누구 (nugu)

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Question word meaning 'who'

어디 (eodi)

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Question word meaning 'where'

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