Literary devices, movements, and required text vocabulary for AP Spanish Literature and Culture. Front: the Spanish term. Back: English meaning and a brief explanation.
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- Metáfora
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Metaphor. A direct comparison between two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as'. Example: 'La vida es un viaje.'- Metonimia
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Metonymy. A figure of speech where one thing is substituted for another with which it is associated. Example: 'He reads Shakespeare' (meaning Shakespeare's works).- Sinécdoque
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Synecdoche. A figure where a part represents the whole or vice versa. Example: 'All hands on deck' (hands = people).- Personificación
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Personification. Giving human qualities, emotions, or characteristics to non-human things or abstract ideas.- Hipérbole
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Hyperbole. Extreme exaggeration used for emphasis, effect, or humor. Example: 'I've told you a million times.'- Paradoja
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Paradox. A statement or situation that seems contradictory but may reveal truth upon reflection.- Ironía
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Irony. The expression of meaning through language that signifies the opposite. Three types: verbal, situational, and dramatic.- Alegoría
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Allegory. A narrative or description where characters, objects, and events represent abstract ideas or qualities.- Símil
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Simile. A direct comparison between two unlike things using 'like' or 'as'. Example: 'As brave as a lion.'- Oxímoron
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Oxymoron. The combination of contradictory or opposite words placed together. Example: 'bittersweet' or 'silent scream.'- Modernismo
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Modernism. A late 19th and early 20th-century Spanish American literary movement emphasizing aestheticism, symbolism, and innovative forms. Key figures: Rubén Darío, Manuel Machado.- Generación del 98
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Generation of '98. A group of Spanish intellectuals responding to Spain's defeat in the Spanish-American War. Key figures: Miguel de Unamuno, Antonio Machado, Pío Baroja.- Realismo
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Realism. A 19th-century movement depicting life with accuracy, detail, and objectivity. Rejected romanticism and focused on ordinary characters and situations.- Romanticismo
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Romanticism. An 18th and 19th-century movement emphasizing emotion, individualism, nature, and imagination over reason and classical forms.- Simbolismo
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Symbolism. A literary movement using symbols to represent ideas, emotions, or qualities beyond their literal meaning. Influenced by Modernism.
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